Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy
An International Peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal
ISSN 2052-4994
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Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy
Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2013, Pages 34–35
Letter to the EditorOpen Access
Analysis of Streptococcus bovis infections at a monographic oncological centre
- 1 Clinical Analysis and Microbiology Service, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología (FIVO), Valencia, Spain
- 2 Department of Mathematics, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
*Corresponding author: Tomas García Lozano, Clinical Analysis and Microbiology Service, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, C / Gregorio Gea, 31, CP: 46009, Valencia, Spain. E-mail: tglmicro@gmail.com
Received 8 December 2013 Revised 16 January 2014 Accepted 23 January 2014 Published 27 January 2014
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14312/2052-4994.2014-e1
Copyright: ©2014 Lozano TG, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The Streptococcus bovis is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, catalase and oxidase negative coccus belonging to the genus Streptococcus. It is part of Streptoccus bovis/ equinus complex and it express the Lancefield antigen D on the surface.
This complex has been characterized by molecular biology techniques and specifically by 16S rRNA and sodA gene. Phylogenetic trees based on these techniques are complex and therefore the routine work in laboratories, biochemical techniques are used to identify subspecies if it is necessary.
The complex is divided into two subtypes based on biochemical properties: positive mannitol fermentation (biotype I) including S. gallolyticus (S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus and S. gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus), mannitol negative and ß-glucuronidase negative (biotype II/ 1), which includes more species (S. infantarius subsp. coli and S. lutetiensis) and mannitol negative and ß-glucuronidase positive (biotype II/ 2), with a single species called S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus.
Owing to the relationship between colon cancer tumour and Streptococcus bovis, we intend to analyse all isolates in our hospital between the periods of 2010 until March 2013 and analyse tumor epidemiology at our center, in patients infected with this pathogen.
Despite the different types of samples and out of the possibility of identification of subspecies, were isolated 14 S. bovis of 14 different patients. The isolates patients were (at the beginning): 4 blood (blood culture), 5 urine, 4 multiple exudates and 1 bronchoalveolar lavage. The proportion of men and women was 8/6. The mean age was 67 years (56±91). Malignant tumor distribution was: 6 prostate cancer, 1 breast cancer, 1 biliary tract, 1 skin, 1, stomach, 1 uterus, 1 vulvar, 1 pyriform sinus and other reproductive organs without specify.
The study of antimicrobial in vitro susceptibility was performed by microdilution (MicroScan® WalkAway, Siemens, Sacramento, CA, USA) and the interpretation of the results by the standards of the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute), M100- S18. The results were: 14 strains (100%) were sensitive to ampicillin (≤0.25 mcg / mL), amoxicillin-clavulanate (≤4/2 mg / mL), penicillin G (≤0.12 mcg / mL), cefotaxime (≤1 µg / mL), teicoplanin (≤8 mcg / mL), vancomycin (≤1 µg / mL) and nitrofurantoin (≤32 mg / mL), 5 strains (35.71%) were resistant to clindamycin (≥1 µg / mL), 6 (42.85%) erythromycin (≥8 g / mL), 4 (28.57%), gentamicin (≥16 mg / mL), 3 (21.42%), tobramycin (≥16 mg / mL ), 6 (42.85%) to levofloxacin (≥8 mcg / mL), 8 (57.14%) to ciprofloxacin (≥4 mg / mL), 9 (64.28%) to tetracycline (≥8 mcg / mL) and 6 (42.58%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (≥8/152 ug / mL).
Regarding to the pathogenicity, there are reports on the degree of colonization of S. bovis (S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus) and colon cancer [1]. It postulates several mechanisms involved in its pathogeny [2] and it known the adhesion potential and invasion of endothelial cells or the ability to form biofilms [3], but if it is true, the relationship between colonization and oncogenesis is not entirely well defined.
After analysing the isolated tumour epidemiology of our findings, no one of them was obtained from faecal samples or has been part of some study or active search for this microorganism.
In our series, 42.85% had prostate cancer and nobody had colon cancer. With respect to in vitro sensitivity, isolates showed a phenotypic profile of sensitivity consistent to the rest of the references [4].
Currently it have been associated some of these isolates with other types of tumour and biliary pathology or pathologies hematologic [5] even more reason to start or enhance screening centres similar to ours.
ConclusionTop
Conflict of interest
The authors wish to express that they have no conflict of interest.
ReferencesTop
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