Abstract Introduction: In Sri Lanka, BCG vaccine is given during neonatal period. There are many myths regarding BCG vaccine and sequelae of vaccination are not clearly documented in medical literature. Objectives: Objectives of this study were to describe the sequelae of BCG vaccination and to find out the scientific basis of beliefs related to it. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out at Ragama teaching hospital and two private hospitals in Gampaha district. 125 babies each from government and private sector were recruited, with consent from parents. Vaccine was administered by a consultant Paediatrician. Vaccine site was cleaned with 70 % alcohol and allowed to dry before vaccination. All babies were bathed on same day. Babies were followed up until a scar was detected. Results: Only 182 babies completed the follow up and all babies developed a scar. Time taken for a reaction varied, but all babies had a reaction by 8 weeks and a scar by 14 weeks. None had fever or other adverse reactions attributable to the vaccine. Conclusions: Cleaning the vaccination site with alcohol, bathing and time of vaccination has no influence on side effects or efficacy of the vaccine. BCG is a safe vaccine provided correct technique of administration is employed.
Keywords: BCG vaccine; BCG scar; neonate

Abstract National immunization programmes were created as a sequel to smallpox eradication when countries undertook mass immunization campaigns and other control measures to fight the disease. As smallpox came near to eradication, the World Health Organization took advantage of the expertise of the smallpox programme and created the Expanded Programme on Immunization. Six vaccines were to be delivered to all children of eligible age through routine immunization services. Despite the recent excellent results in immunizing children in the region, Africa is in danger of failing to reach the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). There are funding shortfalls and a sapping of political will that are preventing progress towards attaining the health components of the MDGs in Africa. Recognizing these realities, in December 2011, the Task Force for Immunization in Africa encouraged countries to refocus on delivering basic immunization services, the original mandate for routine immunization services. There is no single solution to raising routine coverage in all African countries. Challenges such as the scarcity of resources will test countries to the utmost. All partners in immunization believe that African children deserve the protection afforded by vaccines. And to make the best use of available vaccines requires a renewed emphasis and prioritization of routine immunization services in African countries - the platform on which other immunization activities can be mounted.
Keywords: immunization; African region; millennium development goals; routine immunization services; immunization coverage